Arthritis Injection for Dogs: Benefits and How They Work

Joint pain can be a significant challenge for dogs, especially those suffering from osteoarthritis (OA). Studies show this chronic, progressively worsening inflammatory joint condition may affect 20 to 40 percent of dogs (1, 2). Fortunately, pet parents now have more ways to help manage canine OA pain, including arthritis injections for dogs.

Oral medications are a standard go-to for arthritis pain in dogs. However, arthritis injections are becoming more popular with pet parents looking for effective relief. In this article, we’ll explore the pros and cons of arthritis injections for dogs. You’ll learn how they work, the different types available, their benefits, and what to consider when deciding if they’re right for your dog.

What Are Arthritis Injections for Dogs?

Arthritis injections (also known as arthritis shots) are medications your vet administers directly into or around your dog’s joint. These injections can help reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and/or improve joint function.

Arthritis injections differ from standard arthritis medications and supplements in one major way. Pet parents can give their dogs oral meds and nutritional supplements in the convenience of their own home. Arthritis injections require regular trips to a vet clinic for administration. 

But there are benefits to arthritis injections for dogs that are worth considering. A dog arthritis injection is less likely to cause gastrointestinal (GI) upset. That’s because the shots work directly on the joint; they do not rely on the stomach and/or intestine for absorption. Also, the pain relief they provide can last a month or longer, depending on the type of injection. 

Types of Arthritis Shots for Dogs

Currently, there are several types of arthritis injections available for dogs. Each type has a different mechanism of action and length of effect. 

Some injections work by improving the joint function. When the joint starts to function better, it indirectly alleviates the pain. Other injections work by targeting the pain directly. 

The site of the shot can vary according to the type of arthritis injection, too. In some cases, vets must administer the dog arthritis medicine injection directly into the painful or inflamed joint. Other types require a vet to inject the shot into a muscle or beneath your dog’s skin. The medication then finds its way to the joints to work.

Here’s an overview of the most popularly used arthritis injections for dogs:

Adequan

Adequan is an arthritis injection that works by providing targeted relief directly to the joint. It contains a compound called polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG). This stops the enzymes that can break down the cartilage that cushions your dog’s joints and promotes healthy joint fluid.

Adequan injections for dogs reduce inflammation and improve lubrication within the joint, which can alleviate arthritis pain and stiffness. 

To administer this medication, your vet will give your dog a series of shots. Dogs typically receive eight intramuscular shots over one month. If your dog is still experiencing pain, your vet may decide to repeat the series the following month.

Adequan is very safe and has few side effects. Not only does it relieve pain, it also helps repair joint cartilage, improving joint function and mobility over time.

Librela

Librela is a monthly injection for dogs with arthritis that helps ease the pain of canine OA. This new arthritis injection for dogs is the first and only monoclonal antibody injection that targets nerve growth factor. That means it works by using your dog’s own immune system to block arthritis pain signals from reaching the brain.

A single injection of Librela under the skin can provide pain relief for up to a month. And because it’s a monoclonal antibody shot, it doesn’t affect other body systems or compromise organ function.

However, it’s important to note that Librela does not reduce inflammation or directly improve joint function. It simply prevents your dog from feeling the pain associated with those conditions. So it’s not appropriate as a stand-alone OA treatment plan.

Instead, it’s a great option for a certain subset of dogs dealing with OA pain. These include:

• dogs whose bodies can’t tolerate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Galliprant
• dogs with kidney or liver disease
• dogs already taking NSAIDs who still experience OA pain.

Intra-articular Steroid Injections

Corticosteroids (such as prednisone or methylprednisolone) are powerful medications that can help reduce swelling. A vet can inject steroids into your dog’s joints to help suppress the immune responses that causes joint pain and inflammation. 

Steroid shots can provide rapid and powerful relief, often within a day. However, their effects may diminish over time.

Unfortunately, steroids can harm cartilage and actually contribute to worsening osteoarthritis. So many vets will only use these arthritis injections in palliative care situations. 

Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Injections

Hyaluronic acid is a substance found naturally in joint fluid and cartilage. Injecting hyaluronic acid directly into a dog’s joint can help lubricate the joint, reduce friction, and decrease inflammation. 

The effects of hyaluronic acid injections can vary, but they generally provide relief for several weeks to months. They can improve joint function and reduce pain associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. 

Because this injection for arthritis in dogs is highly targeted, side effects are minimal and unlikely. However, the shots only help improve joint function in the joint where your vet injects them. So they are less ideal for dogs who have generalized or widespread pain from osteoarthritis. 

Each type of arthritis injection offers unique benefits and considerations. Your vet can recommend the most suitable option based on your dog’s condition, overall health, and specific needs. Regular consultation ensures effective management of arthritis symptoms, improving your dog’s comfort and mobility.

Benefits of Canine Arthritis Injections

Benefits of arthritis injections for dogs include:

• Fewer Side Effects – Injections don’t involve the GI tract, so dogs are less likely to experience unwanted side effects like vomiting or diarrhea.  
• Targeted Therapy – Arthritis injections only act on joint tissue or inflammatory mediators, so there is less risk of damage to other body systems or organs. 
• Longer Duration – Arthritis shots can provide relief for several weeks, reducing the frequency of treatments.
• Improved Joint Function – Many dogs experience increased mobility and reduced stiffness.

Arthritis Shots for Dogs: Things to Consider

Some things to consider:

• Administration – Injections require a visit to your vet instead of dosing at home.
• Discomfort – Though mild, some dogs may experience side effects, such as tenderness or discomfort at the injection site.
• Cost – Injections tend to be more expensive than oral medications and supplements. 

How to Tell if Arthritis Injections are Right for Your Dog

Choosing arthritis injections to help manage your dog’s OA pain can be a game changer. However, not all dogs are suitable candidates, and some dogs may benefit more from injections than others. It’s crucial to talk with your veterinarian about your options to find the best treatment for your dog.

Your vet will take into consideration your dog’s age, breed, overall health, and the severity of their arthritis symptoms. They’ll also conduct a thorough evaluation to help decide if arthritis shots should be part of your dog’s treatment plan.

Your vet may recommend arthritis shots on their own or in combination with medications, weight loss, supplements, and rehabilitation.

Be sure to ask about the different types available, how they work, and what to expect during and after treatment. Don’t hesitate to inquire about potential side effects, any contraindications, and how to monitor your dog’s response.

Work closely with your vet to make an informed decision about arthritis shots for your dog. If they are a good fit, they can help manage your dog’s arthritis, ease their pain, promote mobility, and improve their quality of life.

References:

1. Johnston, S A. “Osteoarthritis. Joint anatomy, physiology, and pathobiology.” The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice vol. 27,4 (1997): 699-723. doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(97)50076-3
2. Wright, A et al. “Identification of canine osteoarthritis using an owner-reported questionnaire and treatment monitoring using functional mobility tests.” The Journal of small animal practice vol. 63,8 (2022): 609-618. doi:10.1111/jsap.13500